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1.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 63(6): 532-537, June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896356

ABSTRACT

Summary Introduction: Thrombocytopenia is commonly found in patients living in highly endemic areas for Schistosoma mansoni. Recently, different degrees of liver steatosis have also been associated with low platelet counts worldwide. We investigated the association of platelet counts with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and with liver steatosis in an area of low prevalence of schistosomiasis in Brazil. Method: Pains, a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, had a population of 8,307 inhabitants and a schistosomiasis prevalence of 8%. Four micro-areas comprising 1,045 inhabitants were selected for this study. Blood sample was collected and a complete blood count (CBC) was performed. Eighty-seven (87) patients had low platelet counts (group 1 - 8.3%) and 94 volunteers presenting normal CBC were randomized (group 2 - 8.9%). They underwent clinical and ultrasound examinations. Liver steatosis was determined as either present or absent using abdominal ultrasound. A spleen > 12 cm in length, measured by ultrasound (US), was considered to be increased. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.0. Results: Twenty-two patients (22/25.3%) in group 1 had liver steatosis compared with 11 volunteers (11.7%) in group 2 (p=0.02). Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis was diagnosed in two patients (p>0.05). Conclusion: Thrombocytopenia was not a good marker of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni in a low prevalence area in Brazil. Liver steatosis was associated with thrombocytopenia in our study.


Resumo Introdução: Trombocitopenia é um achado comum em pacientes que residem em áreas com alta endemicidade de esquistossomose mansônica. Recentemente, diferentes graus de esteatose hepática também têm sido associados a níveis baixos de plaquetas em todo o mundo. Investigamos a associação de níveis séricos de plaquetas com a forma grave da esquistossomose e com esteatose hepática em área de baixa prevalência de esquistossomose no Brasil. Método: Pains, cidade localizada no estado de Minas Gerais/Brasil, tem população de 8.307 habitantes e prevalência de esquistossomose de 8%. Em quatro microáreas dessa região, 1.045 habitantes foram avaliados para o estudo. Amostra de sangue foi coletada para realização do hemograma. Oitenta e sete (87) pessoas com níveis baixos de plaquetas formaram o grupo 1 (8,3%), e 94 voluntários com hemograma normal foram randomizados para compor o grupo 2 (8,9%). Todos os participantes dos grupos 1 e 2 foram submetidos a exame clínico e ultrassonografia (US) abdominal. Esteatose hepática foi caracterizada como presente ou ausente pela ultrassonografia (US) abdominal. Baços com mais de 12 cm de comprimento à US foram considerados aumentados. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelo programa de estatística SPSS 19.0. Resultados: Vinte e dois (22) indivíduos do grupo 1 (25,3%) e 11 do grupo 2 apresentaram esteatose hepática (11,7%) (p=0,02). Esquistossomose hepatoesplênica foi diagnosticada em dois pacientes (p>0,05). Conclusão: Trombocitopenia não foi um bom marcador de esquistossomose mansônica hepatoesplênica em área de baixa prevalência da esquistossomose no Brasil. Esteatose hepática foi associada com trombocitopenia no presente estudo.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Thrombocytopenia/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Biomarkers/blood , Fatty Liver/parasitology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology , Thrombocytopenia/diagnosis , Thrombocytopenia/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Endemic Diseases , Fatty Liver/diagnosis , Fatty Liver/epidemiology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Middle Aged
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 50(3): 358-364, May-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-896982

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Kato-Katz technique is the standard diagnostic test for Schistosoma mansoni infection in rural areas. However, the utility of this method is severely limited by the day-to-day variability in host egg excretion in the stool. In high-transmission areas, the point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) urine assay has proven to be a reliable test. However, investigations of the reliability of the POC-CCA assay in low-transmission regions are under way. This study aimed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the POC-CCA assay and the morbidity of schistosomiasis in a low-endemic area in Brazil. METHODS: Pains City is a low-transmission zone for schistosomiasis. A total of 300 subjects aged 7-76 years were randomly selected for the POC-CCA cassette test. For S. mansoni diagnosis, three stool samples on six slides were compared with one urine sample for each subject. The sensitivity and specificity in the absence of a gold standard were calculated using latent class analysis. Clinical examinations and abdominal ultrasounds were performed in 181 volunteers to evaluate morbidity associated with schistosomiasis. RESULTS: The sensitivity and specificity of the Kato-Katz technique were 25.6% and 94.6%, respectively. By contrast, the sensitivity and specificity of the POC-CCA assay were 68.1% and 72.8%, respectively. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis was diagnosed in two patients (1.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the POC-CCA urine assay proved to be a useful test for diagnosing S. mansoni in a low-endemic area in Brazil. Severe clinical forms of schistosomiasis can be present even in such low-endemic areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Schistosoma mansoni/immunology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Antigens, Helminth/urine , Rural Population , Schistosomiasis mansoni/complications , Brazil , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Point-of-Care Systems , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 45(4): 500-504, July-Aug. 2012. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-646921

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: There is no study relating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to ultrasound (US) findings in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni. Our aim was to describe MRI findings inpatients with schistosomal liver disease identified by US. METHODS: Fifty-four patients (mean age 41.6±13.5years) from an area endemic for Schistosomiasis mansoni were selected for this study.All had US indicating liver schistosomal fibrosis and were evaluated with MRI performed witha 1.5-T superconducting magnet unit (Sigma). RESULTS: Forty-seven (87%) of the 54 patientsshowing signs of periportal fibrosis identified through US investigation had confirmed diagnosesby MRI. In the seven discordant cases (13%), MRI revealed fat tissue filling in the hilar periportalspace where US indicated isolated thickening around the main portal vein at its point of entryto the liver. We named this the fatty hilum sign. One of the 47 patients with MRI evidence ofperiportal fibrosis had had his gallbladder removed previously. Thirty-five (76.1%) of the other46 patients had an expanded gallbladder fossa filled with fat tissue, whereas MRI of the remainingeleven showed pericholecystic signs of fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS: Echogenic thickening of thegallbladder wall and of the main portal vein wall heretofore attributed to fibrosis were frequentlyidentified as fat tissue in MRI. However, the gallbladder wall thickening shown in US (expandedgallbladder fossa in MRI) is probably secondary to combined hepatic morphologic changes inschistosomiasis, representing severe liver involvement.


INTRODUÇÃO: Não existem estudos que correlacionam os achados da ressonância magnética (RM) aos da ultrassonografia (US) em pacientes com esquistossomose mansônica. O objetivodeste estudo foi descrever os achados da imagem por RM em pacientes com doença hepática esquistossomótica identificada por US. MÉTODOS: Selecionaram-se 54 pacientes com idade média de 41,6±13,5 anos, provenientes de área endêmica para a esquistossomose mansônica. Todos apresentavam US indicativa de fibrose hepática esquistossomótica, e foram avaliados com imagens por RM, realizadas com uma unidade magnética supercondutora de 1,5-T(Sigma). RESULTADOS: Quarenta e sete (87%) entre 54 pacientes com sinais ultrassonográficosde fibrose periportal esquistossomótica tiveram este diagnóstico confirmado pela RM. Nos sete(13%) casos discordantes, a RM revelou tecido adiposo preenchendo o espaço periportal hilaronde a US indicava espessamento isolado da parede da veia porta em seu ponto de entrada no fígado. Este achado foi nomeado sinal do hilo gorduroso. Um dos 47 pacientes com evidência de fibrose periportal RM era colecistectomizado. Trinta e quatro (76,1%) dos 46 pacientes restantes apresentavam expansão da fossa da vesícula, que se encontrava preenchida portecido adiposo. Nos outros sete, a RM revelou sinais de fibrose pericolecística. CONCLUSÕES: Os espessamentos ecogênicos central da parede da veia porta, e da parede da vesícula biliar, até o momento, atribuídos à fibrose, foram frequentemente identificados como tecido adiposopela RM. Entretanto, o espessamento da parede da vesícula identificado pela US (expansão da fossa da vesícula na RM) é provavelmente secundário a alterações morfológicas hepáticas na esquistossomose, e representa comprometimento grave do fígado.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/pathology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Severity of Illness Index
4.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(4): 471-478, July 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554815

ABSTRACT

Non-invasive markers of fibrosis have been used to diagnose liver fibrosis in a variety of diseases. Hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen IV (C-IV) levels were measured in the sera of patients from an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil to diagnose and to rank the intensity of liver fibrosis. Seventy-nine adult patients with schistosomiasis, in the age range of 21-82 years (49 ± 13.4) were submitted to clinical and ultrasonographic examinations. Ultrasound was employed to diagnose and categorise liver fibrosis according to World Health Organization patterns. Serum HA and C-IV levels were measured using commercial ELISA kits. Ultrasound revealed six patients with intense liver fibrosis, 21 with moderate, 23 with light and 29 without. Serum HA was able to separate individuals with fibrosis from those without (p < 0.001) and light from intense fibrosis (p = 0.029), but C-IV was not (p = 0.692). The HA diagnostic accuracy for fibrosis was 0.89. The 115.4 ng/mL cut-off level diagnosed patients with fibrosis (sensitivity 0.98, specificity 0.64). HA correlated positively with portal hypertension. Periportal fibrosis (subjective evaluation), age and collateral circulation predicted HA increase. In conclusion, we propose that serum HA can be used to identify patients with liver fibrosis in an endemic area for schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Collagen Type IV/blood , Endemic Diseases , Hyaluronic Acid/blood , Liver Cirrhosis , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Cirrhosis , Liver Cirrhosis , Prevalence , Sensitivity and Specificity , Severity of Illness Index , Schistosomiasis mansoni/blood , Schistosomiasis mansoni
5.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 105(4): 479-484, July 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-554816

ABSTRACT

We reviewed ultrasound features in patients with schistosomiasis mansoni. The alterations that we observed in acute and hepatosplenic schistosomiasis are described. The advantages and disadvantages of using ultrasound patterns in the evaluation of liver fibrosis are discussed. Other diseases that are important in the differential diagnosis of schistosomal liver fibrosis are presented. Ultrasound is an effective and flexible diagnostic tool in the evaluation of a variety of diseases. It presents no harmful effects to patients, allowing non-invasive studies in hospitalized patients and in other facilities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases , Acute Disease , Diagnosis, Differential , Splenic Diseases
6.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 43(2): 129-134, Mar.-Apr. 2010. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-545765

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Abdominal palpation and ultrasound findings among patients from an endemic area for schistosomiasis in Brazil who had been followed up for 27 years were compared. METHODS: In 2004, 411 patients from Brejo do Espírito Santo, in the State of Bahia, were selected for the present investigation after giving their written informed consent. Based on clinical data, they were divided into three groups: 41 patients with evidence of liver fibrosis in 2004 (Group 1); 102 patients with evidence of liver fibrosis in the past (1976-1989) but not in 2004 (Group 2); and 268 patients without evidence of liver fibrosis at any time during the 27-year follow-up (Group 3). All of the patients underwent abdominal ultrasound in which the examiner did not know the result from the clinical examination. The data were stored in a database. RESULTS: The prevalence of periportal fibrosis on ultrasound was 82.9 percent, 56.9 percent and 13.4 percent in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In the presence of hard, nodular liver or prominent left lobe and a hard palpable spleen, ultrasound revealed periportal fibrosis in 70.9 percent. However, periportal fibrosis was diagnosed using ultrasound in 25.4 percent of the patients in the absence of clinical evidence of liver involvement. Thus, ultrasound diagnosed periportal fibrosis 3.1 times more frequently than clinical examination did. CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical examination is important in evaluating morbidity due to Manson's schistosomiasis in endemic areas, ultrasound is more accurate in diagnosing liver involvement and periportal fibrosis.


INTRODUÇÃO: Neste estudo, se comparou os achados da palpação abdominal e do ultrassom em pacientes de área endêmica de esquistossomose que foram acompanhados por 27 anos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Em 2004, 411 pacientes de Brejo do Espírito Santo, no estado da Bahia, após consentimento informado e por escrito foram selecionados para o presente estudo. Baseando-se no exame clínico eles foram divididos em 3 grupos: 41 (Grupo 1) com evidência de fibrose hepática no ano de 2004; 102 (Grupo 2) com evidência de fibrose hepática no passado (1976-1989) mas não em 2004; e 268 (Grupo 3) sem evidência de fibrose hepática em 27 anos de seguimento. Todos foram submetidos a exame ultrassonográfico do abdome em que o examinador não sabia o resultado do exame clínico. Os dados foram armazenados em banco de dados. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de fibrose periportal ao ultrassom foi de 82,9 por cento, 56,9 por cento e 13,4 por cento nos Grupos 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente. Na presença de fígado duro, nodular ou lobo esquerdo proeminente e baço palpável duro, o ultra-som revelou fibrose periportal em 70,9 por cento. Porém, fibrose periportal foi diagnosticada através do ultrassom em 25,4 por cento dos pacientes, na ausência de evidência clínica de envolvimento hepático. Assim, o ultrassom diagnosticou fibrose periportal 3,1 vezes mais frequentemente que o exame clínico. CONCLUSÕES: O exame clínico tem importância na avaliação da morbidade da esquistossomose mansônica em áreas endêmicas, mas o ultrassom mostra-se mais preciso quando se pretende diagnosticar o envolvimento hepático e a fibrose periportal.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Cirrhosis/diagnosis , Palpation , Portal Vein/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Splenic Diseases/diagnosis , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Follow-Up Studies , Liver Cirrhosis/parasitology , Liver Cirrhosis , Portal Vein/pathology , Portal Vein , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases/parasitology , Splenic Diseases
7.
Radiol. bras ; 43(2): 69-76, mar.-abr. 2010. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-551811

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Este estudo de campo objetivou identificar as alterações ultrassonográficas e hemodinâmicas indicativas da morbidade da esquistossomose mansônica em áreas endêmicas. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram examinados pela ultrassonografia Doppler 554 pacientes esquistossomóticos em três áreas com níveis distintos de endemicidade: baixa endemicidade (n = 109); média endemicidade (n = 255) e alta endemicidade (n = 190). Para o estudo ultrassonográfico foi utilizado o protocolo da Organização Mundial da Saúde (Niamey Working Group, 2000). Pelo Doppler foram avaliados: vasos portais, artérias hepática e esplênica, veias hepáticas e vasos colaterais. RESULTADOS: Houve correlação significativa entre a frequência das alterações ultrassonográficas e o nível de endemicidade das áreas, exceto a hipertrofia do lobo esquerdo. As veias hepáticas apresentaram padrão de fluxo alterado em 23,7 por cento dos casos, alteração esta relacionada à presença e à intensidade de espessamento periportal. A artéria hepática não apresentou alterações nos parâmetros avaliados. Os vasos colaterais foram identificados apenas na área de alta endemicidade. A artéria esplênica apresentou alterações (aumento do calibre, da velocidade e do índice de resistência) mais frequentes na área de alta endemicidade, com diferença significativa entre os grupos. CONCLUSÃO: A ultrassonografia Doppler mostrou-se ferramenta auxiliar importante no estudo da morbidade relacionada à esquistossomose mansônica, contribuindo para definição mais precisa do perfil da doença nas áreas endêmicas.


OBJECTIVE: The present field research was aimed at identifying sonographic and hemodynamic findings indicative of the presence of schistosomiasis mansoni in endemic areas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Doppler sonography was performed in 554 patients with schistosomiasis in three areas with different endemicity levels: low (n = 109), medium (n = 255) and high endemicity (n = 190). The World Health Organization (Niamey Working Group, 2000) protocol was adopted for sonographic evaluation. Doppler study included portal vessels, hepatic and splenic arteries, hepatic veins and collateral vessels. RESULTS: A significant correlation was observed between the frequency of sonographic findings, except for left lobe hypertrophy, and the areas endemicity levels. Altered hepatic veins flow pattern was observed in 23.7 percent of cases, such abnormality being related to the presence and intensity of periportal thickening. Hepatic arteries did not present any alteration as related to the evaluated parameters. Collateral vessels were identified only in the patients from the high-endemicity area. The splenic artery presented alterations (increase in caliber, flow velocity and resistive index), most frequently in the high-endemicity area, with significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Doppler sonography has shown to be a relevant auxiliary tool in the study of the morbidity related to schistosomiasis mansoni, contributing for a more accurate description of the disease profile in endemic areas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Endemic Diseases , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Liver/pathology , Liver , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Spleen , Liver , Ultrasonography, Doppler
9.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 101(supl.1): 317-321, Oct. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-441266

ABSTRACT

The best way to appraise the size of abdominal organs remains undefined. Herein we compare the size of liver and spleen in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis using clinical and ultrasound (US) examination, and the size of the organs measured by US with their visualization below the costal margin ("palpable by US"). For this study, 411 individuals from an endemic area for schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil have been selected. We found that palpable spleens and left liver lobes are larger than non palpable ones. Also, 23 percent of normal spleens measured by US were palpable on clinical examination, and 22 percent of spleens increased in size on US were non palpable. A total of 21 percent of normal spleens were "palpable by US". We also found 54 percent of normal sized right liver lobes palpable on clinical examination, whilst 54 percent of the increased livers, measured by US, were non palpable. About 76 percent of normal right liver lobes were "palpable by US". We conclude that the association of clinical, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, in the near future, should give the investigators the necessary tools to perform a more accurate clinical diagnosis of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/diagnosis , Palpation , Schistosomiasis mansoni/diagnosis , Splenic Diseases/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosomiasis mansoni/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases/epidemiology , Splenic Diseases
11.
Rev. imagem ; 27(2): 145-147, abr.-jun. 2005. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-451420

ABSTRACT

A histoplasmose é uma doença fúngica causada pela inalação de esporos de Histoplasma capsulatum. A doença é rara em pacientes imunocompetentes. Nos pacientes imunocomprometidos a infecção é disseminada e grave. Relatamos o caso de um paciente de 45 anos de idade, portador de síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, com perda de peso e dor abdominal. O radiograma e a tomografia computadorizada de tórax evidenciavam infiltração intersticial com micronódulos difusos. 0 diagnóstico inicial foi de tuberculose miliar, sendo posteriormente realizado o diagnóstico de histoplasmose miliar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Histoplasmosis/diagnosis , Immunosuppression Therapy , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/diagnosis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
13.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 37(4): 333-337, jul-ago. 2004. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365625

ABSTRACT

Relatamos os achados ultrassonográficos e à ressonância magnética intra-abdominais observados em um paciente com esquistossomose mansoni grave. Um homem de 25 anos de idade com esquistossomose hepatoesplênica e sangramento digestivo de varizes esofagianas, com diagnóstico confirmado pela endoscopia, foi submetido à ultrasonografia abdominal e ressonância magnética. Durante a cirurgia de hipertensão porta, um fragmento de fígado foi obtido e o exame histológico confirmou o diagnóstico de fibrose de Symmers. A ressonância magnética forneceu informações mais precisas sobre a vesícula biliar, espessamento periportal e sistema venoso abdominal do que a ultrassonografia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Adult , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Splenic Diseases , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Liver Diseases, Parasitic , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Severity of Illness Index , Splenic Diseases
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